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      <a href="/2017/08/05/webpack-multi-project-1-init-project/" title="webpack多页面配置1--基础webpack配置" itemprop="url">webpack多页面配置1--基础webpack配置</a>
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      <a href="https://godbasin.github.io" title="被删">被删</a>
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    <time datetime="2017-08-05T01:48:50.000Z" itemprop="datePublished">2017-08-05</time>
    更新日期:<time datetime="2017-08-05T01:48:57.260Z" itemprop="dateModified">2017-08-05</time>
    
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			<strong class="toc-title">文章目录</strong>
		<ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Webpack基本概念"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Webpack基本概念</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#入口-entry"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">入口(entry)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#出口-output"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">出口(output)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#loader"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">loader</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#插件-plugins"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">插件(plugins)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析-resolve"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">解析(resolve)</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#项目配置"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">项目配置</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#目录组织"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">目录组织</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#基本配置文件"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">基本配置文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
		</div>
		
		<p>最近项目中需要搭建一个多页面的环境，包括本地路由服务和分页面打包。<br>本节作为首节内容，主要简单介绍一些webpack相关的常用配置。<br><a id="more"></a></p>
<h2 id="Webpack基本概念"><a href="#Webpack基本概念" class="headerlink" title="Webpack基本概念"></a>Webpack基本概念</h2><hr>
<p>更多的相关配置小伙伴们可以参考<a href="https://godbasin.github.io/2017/05/21/webpack-common-setting/">《正确的Webpack配置姿势，快速启动各式框架》</a>。<br>这里我们主要介绍搭建时涉及的一些配置。</p>
<p><strong>四个核心概念：入口(entry)、输出(output)、loader、插件(plugins)。</strong></p>
<h3 id="入口-entry"><a href="#入口-entry" class="headerlink" title="入口(entry)"></a>入口(entry)</h3><p>将您应用程序的入口起点认为是根上下文(contextual root)或app第一个启动文件。<br>一般来说，在Angular中我们将是启动<code>.bootstrap()</code>的文件，在Vue中则是<code>new Vue()</code>的位置，在React中则是<code>ReactDOM.render()</code>或者是<code>React.render()</code>的启动文件。</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">entry</span>: <span class="string">'./path/to/my/entry/file.js'</span></div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="出口-output"><a href="#出口-output" class="headerlink" title="出口(output)"></a>出口(output)</h3><p>output属性描述了如何处理归拢在一起的代码(bundled code)，在哪里打包应用程序。一般需要以下两点：</p>
<ul>
<li>filename: 编译文件的文件名(main.js/bundle.js/index.js等)</li>
<li>path：对应一个绝对路径，此路径是你希望一次性打包的目录</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">output</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">filename</span>: <span class="string">'bundle.js'</span>,</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">path</span>: <span class="string">'/home/proj/public/assets'</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;</div><div class="line">&#125;;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="loader"><a href="#loader" class="headerlink" title="loader"></a>loader</h3><p>webpack把每个文件(.css, .html, .scss, .jpg, etc.) 都作为模块处理。但webpack只理解JavaScript。</p>
<p>如果你看过生成的<code>bundle.js</code>代码就会发现，Webpack将所有的模块打包一起，每个模块添加标记id，通过这样一个id去获取所需模块的代码。<br>而我们的loader的作用，就是把不同的模块和文件转换为这样一个模块，打包进去。</p>
<p><strong>loader支持链式传递。能够对资源使用流水线(pipeline)。loader链式地按照先后顺序进行编译，从后往前，最终需要返回javascript。</strong></p>
<p>不同的应用场景需要不同的loader，这里我简单介绍几个（loader使用前都需要安装，请自行查找依赖安装）：</p>
<ul>
<li>babel-loader</li>
</ul>
<p><a href="https://babeljs.io/learn-es2015/" target="_blank" rel="external">官网</a>在此，想要了解的也可以参考<a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/01/babel.html" target="_blank" rel="external">Babel 入门教程</a>。<br><code>babel-loader</code>将ES6/ES7语法编译生成ES5，当然有些特性还是需要<code>babel-polyfill</code>支持的（Babel默认只转换新的JavaScript句法，而不转换新的API，如Promise等全局对象）。</p>
<p>而对于babel-loader的配置，可以通过<code>options</code>进行，但一般更常使用<code>.babelrc</code>文件进行：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">&#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"presets"</span>: [], <span class="comment">// 设定转码规则</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="string">"plugins"</span>: [] <span class="comment">// 插件</span></div><div class="line">&#125;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li><p>css相关loader</p>
<ul>
<li>css-loader: 处理css文件中的url()</li>
<li>style-loader: 将css插入到页面的style标签</li>
<li>less-loader: less转换为css</li>
<li>postcss-loader(autoprefixer-loader): 自动添加兼容前缀(<code>-webkit-</code>、<code>-moz-</code>等)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>url-loader/file-loader: 修改文件名，放在输出目录下，并返其对应的url</p>
<ul>
<li>url-loader在当文件大小小于限制值时，它可以返回一个Data Url</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>html-loader/raw-loader: 把Html文件输出成字符串</p>
<ul>
<li>html-loader默认处理html中的<code>&lt;img src=&quot;image.png&quot;&gt;</code>为require(“./image.png”)，需要在配置中指定image文件的加载器</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="插件-plugins"><a href="#插件-plugins" class="headerlink" title="插件(plugins)"></a>插件(plugins)</h3><p>loader仅在每个文件的基础上执行转换，<strong>插件目的在于解决loader无法实现的其他事</strong>。<br>由于plugin可以携带参数/选项，需要在wepback配置中，向plugins属性传入<code>new</code>实例。</p>
<h3 id="解析-resolve"><a href="#解析-resolve" class="headerlink" title="解析(resolve)"></a>解析(resolve)</h3><p>这些选项能设置模块如何被解析，因为这里会使用到所以也介绍一下用到的：</p>
<ul>
<li><p>resolve.extensions</p>
<ul>
<li>自动解析确定的扩展。默认值为：<code>[&quot;.js&quot;, &quot;.json&quot;]</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>resolve.alias</p>
<ul>
<li>创建<code>import</code>或<code>require</code>的别名，来确保模块引入变得更简单。<blockquote>
<p>如果使用typescript的话，我们还需要配置<code>tsconfig.json</code>：</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="项目配置"><a href="#项目配置" class="headerlink" title="项目配置"></a>项目配置</h2><hr>
<h3 id="目录组织"><a href="#目录组织" class="headerlink" title="目录组织"></a>目录组织</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">├── build/                      <span class="comment"># webpack配置参数文件</span></div><div class="line">│   └── ...</div><div class="line">├── src/                        <span class="comment"># 项目代码入口</span></div><div class="line">│   ├── page1/                  <span class="comment"># 第一个页面或者应用</span></div><div class="line">│   │   ├── main.js             <span class="comment"># 页面/应用入口文件</span></div><div class="line">│   │   └── ...</div><div class="line">│   └── page2/                  <span class="comment"># 第二个页面或者应用</span></div><div class="line">│   │   ├── main.js             <span class="comment"># 页面/应用入口文件</span></div><div class="line">│   │   └── ...</div><div class="line">│   └── pageN/                  <span class="comment"># 第N个页面或者应用</span></div><div class="line">│       ├── main.js             <span class="comment"># 页面/应用入口文件</span></div><div class="line">│       └── ...</div><div class="line">├── .babelrc                    <span class="comment"># babel编译参数</span></div><div class="line">├── index.html                  <span class="comment"># 主页模板，所有的页面共用该index.html入口</span></div><div class="line">└── package.json                <span class="comment"># 项目文件，记载着一些命令和依赖还有简要的项目描述信息</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="基本配置文件"><a href="#基本配置文件" class="headerlink" title="基本配置文件"></a>基本配置文件</h3><p>由于我们需要实现开发时多页面共同启动，打包时分块打包的功能，故在不同环境下我们的入口<code>entry</code>和<code>plugins</code>等将会不一致，这里我们先省略：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> path = <span class="built_in">require</span>(<span class="string">'path'</span>)</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> webpackConfig = &#123;</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">entry</span>: &#123;&#125;,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">output</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">path</span>: path.join(__dirname, <span class="string">'dist'</span>),</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">filename</span>: <span class="string">'./[hash].js'</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">resolve</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">extensions</span>: [<span class="string">'.js'</span>, <span class="string">'.json'</span>] <span class="comment">// '.ts' and more</span></div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">module</span>: &#123;</div><div class="line">    <span class="attr">rules</span>: [</div><div class="line">      &#123;</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">test</span>: <span class="regexp">/\.js$/</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">loader</span>: <span class="string">'babel-loader'</span>,</div><div class="line">        <span class="attr">include</span>: [path.resolve(__dirname, <span class="string">"./src"</span>)]</div><div class="line">      &#125;,</div><div class="line">      <span class="comment">// more loaders...</span></div><div class="line">    ]</div><div class="line">  &#125;,</div><div class="line">  <span class="attr">plugins</span>: []</div><div class="line">&#125;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"><span class="built_in">module</span>.exports = webpackConfig;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" title="结束语"></a>结束语</h2><hr>
<p>这里我们搭建了最基本的目录结构以及不完整的webpack配置，后续我们将深入进行build和dev的过程。<br>目前的代码并没有什么太大的作用，后面补上完整项目的代码吧。</p>
  
		
		<p style="margin-top:50px;">查看Github有更多内容噢：<a href="https://github.com/godbasin">https://github.com/godbasin</a></p>
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	<p style="text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 20px;">码生艰难，写文不易，给我家猪囤点猫粮了喵~</p>
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  		<p>作者：被删</p>
  		<p>出处：<a href="https://godbasin.github.io">https://godbasin.github.io</a></p>
  		<p>本文版权归作者所有，欢迎转载，但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明，且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接，否则保留追究法律责任的权利。</p>
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  <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#Webpack基本概念"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">Webpack基本概念</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#入口-entry"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">入口(entry)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#出口-output"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">出口(output)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#loader"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">loader</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#插件-plugins"><span class="toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">插件(plugins)</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#解析-resolve"><span class="toc-number">1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">解析(resolve)</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#项目配置"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">项目配置</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#目录组织"><span class="toc-number">2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">目录组织</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#基本配置文件"><span class="toc-number">2.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">基本配置文件</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#结束语"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol>
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